![]() Information about core body temperature is central to the quantification of heat strain. Thus, early detection of excessive perturbations of core body temperature is advantageous for individuals subjected to extreme conditions and facilitates early implementation of interventional cooling strategies to avoid exertional heat stroke ( Epstein and Roberts, 2011). Accurate detection of heat strain is important because an excessive increase in core body temperature adversely affects physical ( Cheuvront et al., 2010) and cognitive performance ( Nybo, 2008), places greater demands on the cardiovascular system, and can lead to hyperthermia and organ failure. Occupational or sports-related physical activities in the heat constitute major challenges to thermal homeostasis ( Taylor, 2006 Gonzalez-Alonso et al., 2008 Nybo, 2008). In conclusion, the “Min-Input Model” provided comparable validity and superior practicality (only two measurement parameters) for estimating rectal temperature versus two other models requiring six or more input measures. Moreover, a second new prediction model that contained only the two most relevant parameters (heart rate and insulated skin temperature at the scapula) performed similarly (“Min-Input Model”, SEE = 0.29, R 2 = 0.68). The first new prediction model, comprising the input of 18 non-invasive measures, i.e., insulated and non-insulated skin temperature, heat flux, and heart rate (“Max-Input Model”, standard error of the estimate = 0.28☌, R 2 = 0.70), did not exceed the predictive power of a previously reported model which included six measures and no insulated skin temperatures (SEE = 0.28☌, R 2 = 0.71). In session 1, participants exercised at 75% of their heart rate maximum (HR max) and wore light athletic clothing (t-shirt and shorts), while in session 2, participants exercised at 50% HR max, wearing protective firefighter clothing (jacket and trousers). The experimental procedure comprised 15 min baseline seated rest (23.2 ± 0.3☌, 24.5 ± 1.6% relative humidity), followed by 15 min seated rest and cycling in a climatic chamber (35.4 ± 0.2☌, 56.5 ± 3.9% relative humidity to +1.5☌ or maximally 38.5☌ rectal temperature, duration 20–60 min), with a final 30 min seated rest outside the chamber. Thirteen healthy male participants (age 30.9 ± 5.4 years) performed two experimental sessions. This study aimed to compare the validity of an existing and two novel multi-parameter rectal temperature prediction models. Non-invasive, multi-parameter methods to estimate core body temperature offer several advantages for monitoring thermal strain, although further work is required to identify the most relevant predictor measures. 2Institute of Human Movement Sciences and Sport, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.1Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Laboratory for Biomimetic Membranes and Textiles, St.MacRae 1,2 Shelley Kemp 1 Michael Bürgisser 1,2 René M.
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